Month: January 2018

Advice can be offered to the Muslim men who are so busy with affairs of da’wah that they neglect the rights of their families

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What advice can be offered to the Muslim men who are so busy with affairs of da’wah that they neglect the rights of their families?

QUESTION: What advice can be offered to the Muslim men who seek knowledge at Islaamic centers, get involved in various affairs of da’wah, and then socialize with the brothers (at the masjid and elsewhere), while neglecting their families’ rights in the process? Their families suffer due to their absence and neglect. Aren’t they able to study and also work to provide for their families?

Since I know many brothers in this situation, I thought many people would benefit from any advice you have to offer.

ANSWER by: Shaykh Muhammad ‘Umar Baazmool, instructor at Umm Al-Quraa University in Makkah.

The Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) said,

“Verily your wife has a right over you, and verily your guest has a right over you, and verily your body has a right over you…” [1]

So based on this, I say that providing for one’s family, spending on them, and tending to their affairs, are all obligations without doubt. A man’s involvement in affairs of da’wah is part of a group responsibility, something recommended. If others are establishing this duty, then he is not obliged to be involved.

Without a doubt, a man’s taking care of his individual obligations has more of a right than his taking care of recommended things, or things that others are handling sufficiently.

So if there is a conflict between the obligations related to his children, wife, guests, or his own self, and the general benefit of being involved in affairs of da’wah, then I say – No! Taking care of your obligations related to your wife and children, your guests, your household, and your own self must be given priority over your involvement in affairs of da’wah, because these things are obligations, while your involvement in affairs of da’wah is recommended so long as the da’wah is not totally dependent upon you and there are others who are taking care of it.

Therefore, you are falling into sin by neglecting the rights of your family! And you do not have the right to justify this and say that you are busy with affairs of da’wah, since this is not something that excuses you and makes you free of sin in this case. You are falling short by taking this route.

Look to the example of the Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam)! He used to establish the obligatory affairs of da’wah, calling to the Way of Allaah, the Glorified and Exalted. With this, ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said, “The Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) used to be in the service of his family. When he heard the athaan, he left for the prayer as if he did not even know us.” [2]

She also mentioned that he used to bring water to the family, milk the goats, etc. He used to take care of the affairs that were needed in his household, things needed by his wives. And the Messenger of Allaah was our role model and example.

So did the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) fail to tend to his wives’ affairs? Did the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) neglect his other obligations because of his involvement in da’wah, and he was the Messenger!? Of course, the answer is no.

Likewise, anyone who wants to call to the Way of Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, he must first take care of his own individual responsibilities. Then, after that, he can involve himself in recommended affairs.

But to do as some of the brothers do, may Allaah guide them to the Straight Path, they leave their families and dependents, fall short in taking care of the affairs of their households, some of them on the border of total poverty, not working to make money for their families, not seeking any provisions for their families, thinking that he is doing all of this for the sake of da’wah, this is ignorance, no doubt, a serious form of neglect, and a contradiction to the Sunnah of the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam).

And we do not know anything from the Sunnah of the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam), nor from the Sunnah of the Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them), nor from the Sunnah of the righteous successors or other than them, that they used to behave in this way.

Look at Aboo Bakr As-Siddeeq, Ameer Al-Mu’mineen of his time (after the death of the Messenger sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam)! He used to go out and make money and he was the leader of the Muslims! So it was said to him, “O Ameer Al-Mu’mineen! If you would only sit in your house…”

He replied, “Then who will take care of my family? Who will make money for their needs?” So the Companions then got together and agreed that they must provide for Aboo Bakr from the Muslim treasury.

Aboo Bakr, the khaleefah, did not see it possible for him to sit and not provide for his family, and he was the leader of the believers! So then what about other than him from the average Muslims, from those who involve themselves in affairs of da’wah?

No doubt, this (neglect) is a contradiction of the Sunnah of the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and the Sunnah of the Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them), and it is very unfortunate to find so many families neglected for this reason.

More unfortunately, many parents do not want to marry their daughters to young men who are adhering to the Religion and seem righteous, fearing that they may neglect them like this. All of this, in reality, is a result of people’s poor understanding of the affairs of da’wah and misunderstandings about the Religion.

I am amazed by some people who involve themselves in da’wah, and they do not properly understand affairs like this one. I say: Rather he is in need of someone to give him da’wah and to teach him the Sunnah before he teaches the people!

Begin with your own self, prohibit it from its evil;
And when it ceases, then you are a wise one.

~

Footnotes:
[1] Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree #1975 (4/275 of Fat-hul-Baaree) and Saheeh Muslim #2722 (4/283 of Sharh An-Nawawee)
[2] Saheeh Al-Bukhaaree #676 (2/201 of Fat-hul-Baaree) without the phrase “as if he did not even know us.”

 

List Of Shariah compliant companies

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S&P BSE Shariah 50

Company Name Industry Last
Price
Change %Chg Mkt Cap
(Rs cr)
ABB India Infrastructure – General 1,309.55 -37.40 -2.78 27,750.46
ACC Cement – Major 1,549.30 -11.70 -0.75 29,093.88
Ambuja Cements Cement – Major 242.00 -3.65 -1.49 48,052.61
Apollo Hospital Hospitals & Medical Services 1,068.90 -12.55 -1.16 14,871.09
Asian Paints Paints & Varnishes 1,211.45 -10.30 -0.84 116,202.02
Bajaj Auto Auto – 2 & 3 Wheelers 2,965.05 -0.20 -0.01 85,798.77
Bata India Leather Products 770.50 -7.80 -1.00 9,903.05
Bharti Airtel Telecommunications – Service 403.70 -4.30 -1.05 161,375.04
BHEL Infrastructure – General 86.30 -1.25 -1.43 31,684.18
Biocon Pharmaceuticals 628.10 -35.40 -5.34 37,686.00
Cadila Health Pharmaceuticals 393.75 -12.45 -3.06 40,309.86
Castrol Lubricants 196.85 -3.55 -1.77 19,470.87
CESC Power – Generation & Distribution 1,032.85 -11.35 -1.09 13,691.15
CG Power Electric Equipment 81.90 0.25 0.31 5,133.05
Cipla Pharmaceuticals 604.30 -6.05 -0.99 48,653.35
Colgate Personal Care 1,105.25 -23.25 -2.06 30,061.21
Cummins Engines 749.40 8.85 1.20 20,773.37
Dabur India Personal Care 370.10 -1.25 -0.34 65,193.87
Divis Labs Pharmaceuticals 1,188.25 1.00 0.08 31,544.30
Dr Reddys Labs Pharmaceuticals 2,106.65 -6.80 -0.32 34,955.64
Emami Personal Care 1,104.00 -4.25 -0.38 25,057.23
GAIL Oil Drilling And Exploration 323.95 0.85 0.26 73,053.02
GlaxoSmith Con Food Processing 5,962.00 -115.95 -1.91 25,073.51
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals 546.70 -3.80 -0.69 15,426.13
Godrej Consumer Personal Care 1,122.40 5.70 0.51 76,472.43
Havells India Electric Equipment 535.50 -7.80 -1.44 33,476.70
Hero Motocorp Auto – 2 & 3 Wheelers 3,669.05 6.75 0.18 73,275.13
HUL Personal Care 1,451.20 -20.30 -1.38 314,116.42
IGL Oil Drilling And Exploration 271.30 -8.80 -3.14 18,991.02
Lupin Pharmaceuticals 794.00 -6.10 -0.76 35,896.98
Maruti Suzuki Auto – Cars & Jeeps 8,723.30 -29.60 -0.34 263,513.50
Mcleod Plantations – Tea & Coffee 150.80 -1.75 -1.15 1,650.59
Mindtree Computers – Software 1,029.00 -22.70 -2.16 16,868.02
MRF Tyres 79,116.30 -632.55 -0.79 33,554.35
Nestle Food Processing 9,152.85 -71.15 -0.77 88,247.86
Pidilite Ind Chemicals 1,088.60 -14.15 -1.28 55,280.23
Reliance Refineries 962.00 -11.00 -1.13 609,472.50
SAIL Steel – Large 72.85 -0.15 -0.21 30,090.88
Siemens Infrastructure – General 1,032.25 -95.65 -8.48 36,760.51
Tata Global Bev Plantations – Tea & Coffee 287.15 -5.10 -1.75 18,122.89
Tata Steel Steel – Large 582.40 7.35 1.28 70,127.92
TCS Computers – Software 3,500.00 2.20 0.06 670,000.66
Tech Mahindra Computers – Software 650.70 -11.40 -1.72 63,760.52
Thermax Infrastructure – General 1,111.85 -7.35 -0.66 13,248.39
Titan Company Miscellaneous 959.50 -5.55 -0.58 85,183.08
UltraTechCement Cement – Major 4,003.50 -17.95 -0.45 109,941.71
Vedanta Mining & Minerals 283.65 0.20 0.07 105,438.28
Voltas Diversified 619.00 -10.20 -1.62 20,481.77
Wipr

List According to livemint.com

3M India Ltd

A I A Engineering Ltd.

Aban Offshore Ltd

ABB Ltd

Abbott India Ltd

ABG Shipyard Ltd

ACC Ltd

Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd

Ador Welding Ltd

Aegis Logistics Ltd

Ahmednagar Forgings Ltd

AIA Engineering Ltd

Alembic Ltd

Allcargo Global Logistics Ltd

Alstom Projects India Ltd

Ambuja Cements Ltd.

Amtek Auto Ltd

Amtek India Ltd

Anant Raj Inds. Ltd

Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd

Aptech Ltd

Areva T and D India Ltd

Ashok Leyland Ltd

Asian Paints Ltd.

Astra Microwave Products Ltd

Astrazeneca Pharma India Ltd.

Atlas Copco (India) Ltd

Automotive Axles Ltd

Avaya Globalconnect Ltd

Aventis Pharma Ltd

Aztecsoft Ltd

B A S F India Ltd.

B F Utilities Ltd

B L Kashyap and Sons Ltd

B O C India Ltd

Bajaj Auto Ltd

Balkrishna Industries Ltd

Balmer Lawrie and Co. Ltd

Bata India Ltd

Berger Paints India Ltd

Berger Paints India Ltd.

Bharat Bijlee Ltd

Bharat Earth Movers Ltd

Bharat Electronics Ltd

Bharat Forge Ltd

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd

Bharti Airtel Ltd

Biocon Ltd

Birla Corporation Ltd

Blue Dart Express Ltd.

Blue Star Ltd

Bombay Dyeing and Mfg. Co. Ltd

Bombay Rayon Fashions Ltd

Bosch Chassis Systems India Ltd

Britannia Industries Ltd

C C L Products (India) Ltd

C M C Ltd.

Cadila Healthcare Ltd

Cambridge Solutions Ltd

Carborundum Universal Ltd

Castrol India Ltd

Century Textiles and Inds. Ltd

Cipla Ltd.

Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd

Container Corpn. Of India Ltd

Cranes Software Intl. Ltd

Crisil Ltd

Crompton Greaves Ltd

Cummins India Ltd

D S Kulkarni Developers Ltd

Dabur India Ltd

Dabur Pharma Ltd

Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd

Deepak Fertilisers and Petrochemicals Corpn. Ltd

Dishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals Ltd

Divi’S Laboratories Ltd

Dr. Reddy’S Laboratories Ltd

Dredging Corpn. of India Ltd

Dynamatic Technologies Ltd

Educomp Solutions Ltd

Elgi Equipments Ltd

Emami Ltd

Engineers India Ltd

Era Constructions (India) Ltd

Esab India Ltd

Essel Propack Ltd

Everest Kanto Cylinder Ltd

Exide Industries Ltd

F A G Bearings India Ltd

F D C Ltd

Financial Technologies (India) Ltd

Force Motors Ltd

G A I L (India) Ltd

G M R Infrastructure Ltd

G V K Power and Infrastructure Ltd

Gammon India Ltd

Gateway Distriparks Ltd

Gati Ltd

Geodesic Information Systems Ltd

Geometric Software Solutions Co. Ltd

Gillette India Ltd

Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Ltd

Glaxosmithkline Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Godrej Consumer Products Ltd

Godrej Industries Ltd

Gokaldas Exports Ltd

Goldiam International Ltd

Grasim Industries Ltd

Greaves Cotton Ltd

Gujarat Ambuja Cements Ltd

Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd

Gujarat Gas Co. Ltd

Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd.

Gujarat State Petronet Ltd

Gulf Oil Corpn. Ltd

H C L Technologies Ltd

H M T Ltd

H T Media Ltd

Havells India Ltd.

Helios and Matheson Information Technology Ltd

Hero Honda Motors Ltd

Hexaware Technologies Ltd

Himatsingka Seide Ltd

Hindalco Industries Ltd

Hindustan Copper Ltd.

Hindustan Lever Ltd

Hindustan Motors Ltd

Hindustan Oil Exploration Co. Ltd

Hindustan Unilever Ltd.

Hindustan Zinc Ltd

Honeywell Automation India Ltd

I C I India Ltd

I C S A (India) Ltd

India Infoline Ltd.

Indian Petrochemicals Corpn. Ltd

Indraprastha Gas Ltd

Indraprastha Medical Corpn. Ltd

Infosys Technologies Ltd

Infotech Enterprises Ltd

Ingersoll-Rand (India) Ltd

Ipca Laboratories Ltd

Jagran Prakashan Ltd

Jubilant Organosys Ltd

K P I T Cummins Infosystems Ltd

K S B Pumps Ltd

Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd

Kalyani Steels Ltd

Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd

Kei Industries Ltd

Kirloskar Brothers Ltd

Kirloskar Ferrous Inds. Ltd

Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd

Kirloskar Pneumatic Co. Ltd

Lakshmi Energy and Foods Ltd

Lakshmi Machine Works Ltd

Lanco Infratech Ltd

Larsen and Toubro Ltd

Lloyd Electric and Engineering Ltd

Lupin Ltd

Madhucon Projects Ltd

Madras Cements Ltd

Maharashtra Seamless Ltd

Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd

Mahindra Forgings Ltd

Mahindra Gesco Developers Ltd

Mangalam Cement Ltd

Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd.

Manugraph India Ltd

Marico Ltd

Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.

Maruti Udyog Ltd

Mastek Ltd

Matrix Laboratories Ltd

Max India Ltd

Mcleod Russel India Ltd.

Megasoft Ltd

Merck Ltd

Mid-Day Multimedia Ltd

Mindtree Ltd.

Motherson Sumi Systems Ltd

Motor Industries Co. Ltd

Mphasis Ltd

N I I T Technologies Ltd

N T P C Ltd.

Nagarjuna Construction Co. Ltd

National Aluminium Co. Ltd

National Fertilizers Ltd.

Nava Bharat Ventures Ltd

Navin Fluorine Intl. Ltd

Navneet Publications (India) Ltd

Nestle India Ltd

Neyveli Lignite Corpn. Ltd

NHPC Ltd

Nicholas Piramal India Ltd

Nirma Ltd

Nitco Tiles Ltd

Novartis India Ltd

Nucleus Software Exports Ltd

Oil and Natural Gas Corpn. Ltd

Opto Circuits (India) Ltd

P T C India Ltd

Panacea Biotec Ltd

Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd

Parsvnath Developers Ltd

Patel Engineering Ltd

Patni Computer Systems Ltd

Peninsula Land Ltd

Petronet L N G Ltd

Pfizer Ltd

Phoenix Lamps Ltd

Phoenix Mills Ltd

Pidilite Industries Ltd

Piramyd Retail Ltd

Polaris Software Lab Ltd

Prajay Engineers Syndicate Ltd

Prism Cement Ltd

Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd.

Procter and Gamble Hygiene Health Care Ltd

Provogue (India) Ltd

Punj Lloyd Ltd

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd

Ray Ban Sun Optics India Ltd

Raymond Ltd

Reliance Communications Ltd

Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Ltd

Reliance Industries Ltd

Reliance Natural Resources Ltd

Reliance Petroleum Ltd

Rico Auto Inds. Ltd

Rolta India Ltd

S K F India Ltd

Sasken Communication Technologies Ltd

Sesa Goa Ltd

Shanthi Gears Ltd

Shasun Chemicals and Drugs Ltd

Shopper’S Stop Ltd

Shree Cement Ltd

Shree Precoated Steels Ltd

Siemens Ltd

Sintex Industries Ltd

Sona Koyo Steering Systems Ltd

Sonata Software Ltd

Steel Authority Of India Ltd

Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd

Sterlite Optical Technologies Ltd

Strides Arcolab Ltd

Subex Azure Ltd

Sun Pharmaceutical Inds. Ltd

Sundaram-Clayton Ltd

Sundram Fasteners Ltd

Suzlon Energy Ltd

T T K Prestige Ltd.

T V S Motor Co. Ltd

Taneja Aerospace and Aviation Ltd

Tata Chemicals Ltd

Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.

Tata Elxsi Ltd

Tata Global Beverage Ltd

Tata Motor DVR

Tata Motors Ltd

Tata Power Co. Ltd

Tata Steel Ltd

Tata Tea Ltd

Tech Mahindra Ltd

Texmaco Ltd

Thermax Ltd

Thomas Cook (India) Ltd

Timken India Ltd

Titan Industries Ltd

Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Torrent Power Ltd

Transworld Infotech Ltd

Trent Ltd

Tube Investments Of India Ltd

Tulip I T Services Ltd

Ultratech Cement Ltd

Unichem Laboratories Ltd

Unitech Ltd

Vertex Spinning Ltd

Vesuvius India Ltd

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd

Voltas Ltd

Wipro Ltd

Wockhardt Ltd

Wyeth Ltd

Islamic investment or Shariah compliant investment in India

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Islamic investment or Shariah compliant investment in India

Many people do not invest in mutual funds as they feel it is forbidden under Islam (non halal) to invest in stock market related products.But there are many companies which qualify for investment under Islam and you can invest in them through Shariah compliant funds.

These funds will help you invest your money in shariah compliant companies and also purify non-Shariah compliant income (non halal income).

In long term equity investments can generate inflation beating returns.

What is Islamic investment (halal investment) or Shariah compliant investment?

Shariah compliant means investment which complies with principals of Islam. It is forbidden under Islam to invest in areas related to:

Alcohol

Tobacco

Gambling

Pornography, drugs etc

armaments and destructive weapons

pork and related by-products;

dead animals not slaughtered according to the rules of the Sharia(non halal food products)

gold and silver

armaments and destructive weapons

Institutions like banks which generate income from interest payment.

Companies with high debt.

Any other activity which as per Shariah board violates Islamic religious principals

Which are the Islamic investment (halal investment) or Shariah compliant investment options in India ?

Goldman Sachs CNX Nifty Shariah Index ETF, Tata ethical and Taurus ethical mutual funds are Shariah compliant investment options. These funds are indexed against Nifty-50 Shariah, NSE 500 Shariah and S&P BSE 500 Shariah.

Tata ethical and Taurus ethical mutual funds are actively managed funds, while Goldman Sachs CNX Nifty Shariah Index is ETF which tries to reflect composition of Nifty-50 Shariah.

Nifty-50 Shariah, NSE 500 Shariah and S&P BSE 500 Shariah are Shariah compliant stocks listed on NSE and BSE stock exchange.

How do mutual fund house and stock exchange ensure Shariah compliance ?

They employ services of premier third party Shariah advisory institutions to ensure Shariah compliance. Shariah board of this institutions screen and regularly monitors the stocks for Shariah compliance. Stocks are regularly added and deleted based on their Shariah compliance status.

Shariah board also advises on identification and purification of non Shariah compliant income generated by a Shariah compliant mutual fund. Non Shariah compliant income is donated in charity.

How is the performance of Shariah compliant fund ?

In long term (5 years or more) the Shariah compliant funds have outperformed or matched their category average.Thus you will not loose on returns by making investment in Shariah compliant fund.

Even Non-Muslims who do want to invest in ethical companies can consider these funds.

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Equity Markets – Best Investment Option for Muslims

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Equity Markets – Best Investment Option for Muslims

By Mr. Imtiaz Merchant
MD, Pragmatic Wealth Management Pvt Ltd

Muslims should take advantage of the boom witnessed in the Indian Equity markets and they should not get left behind in the economic growth that is being witnessed throughout the country and would remain for years to come. India is one of the fastest growing nations in the world with the GDP growing over 6 % for 2013-14 and expected to grow above 7 to 8 % in 2015 onwards.

In order to remain in the main stream of the economy and get equitable investment opportunity, Equity stock markets (The Islamic way) provides the most cost effective investment solution for the Muslims. Equity markets have proved that they are not only the most effective, transparent, liquid and conducive to small and big size investors as a means of investment, but history has also proved that it outperforms all other asset classes where return on investments is the parameter considered. In the long term equity market always goes up. Hence Muslims must invest in the equity market.

On the onset investment in equity markets is islamically a permissible activity since it is based on Musharaka (Partnership) and the profit is earned with risk of loss. However there are some issues for a Muslims to invest in equity markets (explained later).With Ulemas (Islamic scholar) guidance and approval it is now possible to overcome this, and in fact investment in equity markets the Islamic way is probably the best option available for the Muslims, that is not only regulated by the government body SEBI but also now approved by the Islamic Scholar.

Now first we look in to the inherent advantage investments in equities have over other forms of structured investments.

1. Fixed Interest (Riba) Based Investments

Fixed interest (Riba) based investments like the saving Bank deposit, Bank FDR; Postal savings, Debentures, Bonds etc are prohibited in Islam. Allah says in the Quran, ‘O those who believe, do not eat Riba (usury or interest) multiplied many times. And fear Allah, so that you may be successful. ’ (Al-Imran verse 130) Islam has discouraged fixed saving and withholding wealth but it has encouraged Business & Investments. ‘Profit should be earned only with the risk of losses, in equity investment the profit and loss is shared in proportion to the investments made. Thus, investment in equity market is in accordance to the Quran and Hadeeth injunctions.

2. Investment in Real Estate

Investment in Real estate/ properties, although permissible in Islam but it has certain disadvantages over equities. First, because of the unit size, it is not possible for every individual to buy property since the cost involved is huge whereas, one can invest in equity for an amount as low as Rs. One thousand and there is no upper limits. Secondly, property is subject to a lot of legal paper work and one has to go through a very cumbersome procedure to acquire properties. However, it is very easy to buy and sell shares by being a member of a SEBI registered broker. So buying and selling shares is as easy as snapping your fingers. Finally, there is often a threat of encroachment of the property which involves costly litigation. Equity shares have a big advantage here since the stocks purchased get directly deposited in the investor’s Demat account where it is in the safe custody and one can sell them whenever and as much as he wants to sell. If returns on investments as a parameter considered than historically it’s proved that returns earned in equity investments is superior to all the asset classes including the real estate.

3. Investments in Conventional Mutual Funds

Investments in Conventional Mutual Funds is not permissible from the view point that these mutual funds are not mandate to follow Shariah norms thus they do invest in stocks of ‘Haram’ or prohibited businesses like liquor, banks, hotels , entertainment, casino etc. that is strictly prohibited in Islam, hence profit earned from these mutual funds is impure and tainted. Investment done by mutual funds does not take in to account the companies with huge interest based debt and high interest earning. Over 45 % of the Indian equity market is not shariah compliant. Apart from this Mutual funds carry out days trading and derivatives trading which is not permitted in Islamic trading, hence conventional Mutual Funds are not shariah compliant instrument for Muslims to invest. However, Muslims can invest in Shariah compliant Mutual fund / Shariah compliant PMS / Shariah ETFs.

Advantage

One more point that goes in the favour of equity stock markets is the Capital gains tax advantage. There is no capital gains tax for long term investors i.e. if the investment is held for more than one year. And for the short term investments for less than a year, investors have to pay only 15 % percent tax on its gains. Muslims must take advantage of this benefit and invest in equities that would help them create wealth in the long term in the Shariah way.

The concerning part in the equities investment is the market risk and volatility. In order to overcome this and to optimize Halal return on investments, one needs to take guidance from Shariah based Equity Research advisors and Fund managers who can guide and advice them on what to buy and most importantly when to buy and sell. If this part is taken care of diligently, then equity investment is a best option for the Muslims.

ROLE OF SHARIAH SCHOLARS

Islam makes ‘Lawful Earning’ (Halal) mandatory, and in Islam, the spiritual and secular aspects are one and the same. This implies that Islam emphasizes the need to make a living by means that are permissible under it.
After many years of debate and discussions and looking into the need for Muslims to invest in equity markets as an alternate to bank and insurance Islamic scholars have permitted Muslims to invest in equity markets with certain strict stipulated conditions. With the help of computer technology and with so much of information available, now it is possible to screen the companies on Shariah norms,

Shariah scholars have imposed investment restriction and conditions and only upon fulfilling these conditions Muslims can invest in equity markets the Halal way.

The conditions laid down are as follows:

Restriction based on the type of Securities: Investment should only be done in Shariah compliant stocks as defined. A security trading in derivatives and day trading in stocks is strictly not permitted. Short selling is prohibited. Securities should only be sold after having its complete possession.

Restriction on Business Activity: No investment shall be made in stocks of the companies whose business activity is Prohibited (Haram)
Conventional interest based banks and other financial institutions like banks, NBFC, Insurance companies, stock brokers etc.
Alcoholic beverages like wine and other liquor related products and services.
Pork and non- Halal food products
Entertainment includes film production companies, cinema, Cable TV, music etc.

Restriction based on financial ratios: Apart from the above restriction on business activity, Islamic scholars from different part of the world have set certain financial criteria based on the need. In India Islamic Investment & Finance Board (IIFB) comprising of eminent scholars have approved the following financial criteria:
Interest bearing debt of the companies should not exceed 33 percent of its twelve months average market capitalization.
Cash plus interest bearing securities of the companies should not exceed 33 percent of its twelve months average market capitalization.
Trade receivable and other debtors of the companies to its twelve months average market capitalization should not exceed 33 percent.
Interest Income plus prohibited activity (impure) income of the companies to the company’s total income should not exceed 5 percent

Shariah Screening Process: Shariah screening is conducted for all the listed equities as prescribed and mandated by Shariah scholars. This process is done every quarterly. Those stocks that successfully pass the Shariah screens are thus called Shariah complaint universe. This process is done under the supervisor and audit of Shariah committee of Aalims and muftis.

Purification of Impure Income (purging): The income thus derived from trading and investments in shares do have some portion of impure or prohibited income. This income can be in form of interest received by the companies or some prohibited activity carried on by the company that earns impure or tainted income needs to be cleansed or purged. This is a compulsory process. The impure income consequently cleansed should be given as charity.

SHARIAH COMPLAINT STOCKS ON INDIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

At present, there are twenty one recognized stock exchanges in India. Amongst these the BSE and NSE are the largest one. The equity market capitalization of the companies listed on the BSE is Rs: 69 lac Crs / Approx US $ 1.20 trillion as of December 2013, making it the 4th largest stock exchange in Asia and the 8th largest in the world.
Indian stocks market is the fourth largest in terms of number of stocks listed and eight largest in terms of market capitalization. There are more than 5000 companies listed on Bombay stock exchange (BSE) but on evaluation it was found that 3400 companies are actively traded. Pragmatic Wealth Management P.ltd under supervision of its Shariah committee (IIFB) screened for Shariah stocks. As on December 2013 out of 3400 companies 633 companies are Shariah complaint, it roughly represent 19 percent of total traded stocks and in terms of market capitalization it is over 56 percent.

Mahram & Na Mahram

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CONCEPT OF MAHRAM & NA MAHRAM IN ISLAM

WHO IS CONSIDERED TO BE MAHRAM FOR MUSLIM MEN:

Any woman, with whom a man has a relationship (of blood or foster) that precludes marriage, is considered a mahram to him. Mahram women include his mother, grandmother, daughter, granddaughter, sister, aunt, grandaunt, niece, grandniece, his father’s wife, his wife’s daughter, his mother-in-law, his foster mother , foster sisters, and any foster relatives that are similar to the above mentioned blood relatives.

IN SURAH NOOR , ALLAH RABB UL IZAT ORDERS MUSLIM MEN:

 “And marry not women whom your fathers married, except what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and most hateful, and an evil way. Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your foster mother who breastfed you, your foster sisters, your wives’ mothers, your stepdaughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have gone in -but there is no sin on you if you have not done so (to marry their daughters), the wives of your sons who spring from your loins, and two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except for what has already passed; verily Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ”

 [4:22-23]

All the man’s female relatives mentioned in these verses are considered his mahrams, because it is unlawful (haram) for him to marry them, except the wife’s sister mentioned last, who is not a mahram because he can marry her if he divorces his wife, or if she dies.

MUSLIM MEN ORDERED TO LOWER THEIR GAZE Moreover for a Muslim man ,ALLAH ALMIGHTY also Orders him to lower his gaze.

In this context ALLAH ALMIGHTY Commands in the following verse of    SURAH NOOR: 24:30]

 Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them: And Allah is well acquainted with all that they do. Here it is also to be kept in mind by all the believing MEN that such orders of “lowering the gaze” were first ordained onto them and in the very next verse same orders were prescribed onto the believing women.                                            But what happens commonly in the muslim societies today is that “PARENTS DO WARN THEIR DAUGHTERS NOT TO LOOK AT MALES BUT THEY FORGET TO TEACH THEIR SONS THAT THEY TOO ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED BY ALLAH ALMIGHTY AND HOLY PROPHET (SAW) TO NOT STARE AND RAISE THEIR GAZE TOWARDS FEMALES.” REAL TRAUMA: And no doubt this is the crux of the matter why Muslim Societies Today are ruined and going onto the way of disaster.its parents duty indeed to tell their children both sons and daughters ,about the clear cut commands of ALLAH ALMIGHTY , so that there may arise no indecent , immoral and unethical situations as today we are seeing and unfortunately facing in our Islamic Societies. In fact if the children are being warned about these all commands from the very childhood and are bewared that in case of disobedience of such rule they will have to face ALLAH ALMIGHTY’S wrath & RASOOL ALLAH (SAW)’s anger in both the worlds , then from the earliest age, a sense of aversion from all such prohibited acts will develop in them .They will realize that from these things ALLAH ALMIGHTY WILL BE ANGRY at them and this concept will be so from in their minds that on reaching the age of maturity they will never ever INSHA ALLAH TALA indulge themselves in any indent , UNISLAMIC Acts .  

WHO IS CONSIDERED TO BE A MAHRAM FOR MUSLIM WOMEN:

24:31]

“And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband’s fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers or their brothers’ sons, or their sisters’ sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss”.

 In this verse not only those who are MAHRAM for a Muslim women are mentioned but also ALLAH ALMIGHTY’S CLEAR CUT ORDERS about lowering their gaze is given.

MUSLIM WOMEN ORDERED TO TAKE HIJAB ALLAH ALMIGHTY ALSO COMMANDS Muslim women to veil themselves before going out or coming in front of any Na-Mahram , so that they not be molested and teased .its really ALLAH ALMIGHTY’S gift for all the Muslim women but we unluckily ,ponder over it not.

IN SURAH AHZAB ALLAH ALMIGHTY COMMANDS ABOUT THE BELIEVING WOMEN : 33:59]

 “O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful”.

SHAKING HANDS WITH NA-MEHRAM

The traditions of certain societies have prevailed over Allah’s Shari’ah concerning this matter. Their wrong habits have overcome the rule of religion so much so that when one presents the rule of the Shari’ah to them, he is accused of being backward. Shaking the hand of one’s female cousins, or one’s uncles’ wives has become as easy as falling off a log in our societies, but if people considered seriously the dangers of this matter in the Shari’ah, they would not do it. The Prophet, sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, said, “It is better for one of you to be pierced by an iron needle in the head than to touch the hand of a woman that is not allowed to him.” (Tabarani) This sin is considered a fornication of the hand, as the Prophet, sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, said, “The eyes fornicate, and the hands fornicate, and the feet fornicate, and the intimate parts fornicate.” (Ahmad) Is there a person purer than Muhammad, sallallahu alayhe wa sallam? And in spite of that he said, “I do not shake women’s hands.” (Ahmad) He also said, “I do not touch women’s hands.” (Tabarani) Aisha, radhiallahu anha, said, “No by Allah, the Prophet’s hand never touched a woman’s hand, he used to accept their pledge of allegiance by [hearing their] words only.” (Muslim) Men who threaten to divorce their pious wives if they refuse to shake their brothers’ hands should fear Allah. It should also be known that wearing a glove or wrapping the hand with a cloth while shaking hands is not allowed either.

CONCLUSION:

MAY ALLAH ALMIGHTY HELP ALL MUSLIM UMMAH TO FOLLOW HIS COMMANDS COMPLETELY AND MAY WE ALL MUSLIMS GET COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE WARNING WORDS OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY,SO THAT WE MAY BE SAVED FROM ALLAH ALMIGHTY’S ANGER AND RASOOL ALLAH (SAW)’ S ANNOYANCE IN BOTH THE WORLDS .AMEEN. 33:36]”

It is not fitting for a Believer, man or woman, when a matter has been decided by ALLAH and His Messenger to have any option about their decision: if any one disobeys ALLAH and His Messenger, he is indeed on a clearly wrong Path”. JAZAK ALLAH KHAIR

Holograms

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 High-efficiency color holograms created using a meta-surface made of nano-blocks
holograms
Color holographic image made by shining laser light on a metasurface. Credit: Wang et al. ©2016 American Chemical Society
(Phys.org)—By carefully arranging many nanoblocks to form pixels on a metasurface, researchers have demonstrated that they can manipulate incoming visible light in just the right way to create a color “meta-hologram.” The new method of creating holograms has an order of magnitude higher reconstruction efficiency than similar color meta-holograms, and has applications for various types of 3D color holographic displays and achromatic planar lenses.

The researchers, Bo Wang et al., from Peking University and the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, both in China, have published a paper on the new type of hologram in a recent issue of Nano Letters.

The pixels on the new metasurface consist of three types of silicon nanoblocks whose precise dimensions correspond to the wavelengths of three different colors: red, green, and blue. To enhance the efficiency for the blue light, two identical nanoblocks corresponding to the blue light are arranged in each pixel, along with one nanoblock for red light and one for green light.

The researchers explain that each pixel can be thought of as a “meta-molecule” because it is the basic repeating, subwavelength unit of the larger metasurface that constitutes the entire hologram. The meta-molecules enable the metasurface to control light in ways that are not possible without modern nanoscale design.

When red, green, and blue lasers illuminate the hologram, each nanoblock manipulates the phase of its corresponding . The researchers explain that a key achievement of the study was to minimize the interactions between nanoblocks so that the nanoblocks function almost independently of each other. Then by orienting the nanoblocks in different ways, the researchers could change the light’s phase manipulation, resulting in different holographic images.

holograms
(Top left) One pixel, which is made of four nanoblocks. (Top right) Experimental setup for generating a color hologram. (Bottom) Experimental results of achromatic color holograms, made of red, green, or blue light or by combining these …more

“Our work provides an approach for realizing the almost independent manipulation of phase for different visible wavelengths in subwavelength resolution and in transmission mode due to the absence of interactions between nanoblocks within one meta-molecule, which allows for particular functionalities,” coauthor Yan Li, at Peking University, told Phys.org.

The researchers demonstrated that the nanoblock approach can be used to create two different types of holograms. In an achromatic hologram, the entire reconstructed image is in one color. By balancing the relative input of the three colors, a wide spectrum of colors can be achieved. In the second type of hologram, called a highly dispersive hologram, different parts of the reconstructed image have different colors—for example, a red flower, green stem, and blue container.

The new color  has a variety of potential applications where spectral wavefront manipulation is required, such as 3D color holograms, achromatic lenses, and anti-conterfeiting planar optical devices. The researchers plan to pursue these applications in future work.

“Based on this idea and approach, novel real planar optical devices may be fabricated to realize many novel or extra functions in the future,” Weiguo Chu at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology said.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2016-07-high-efficiency-holograms-metasurface-nanoblocks.html#jCp

QUR’AN and General Living

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■ SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM QUR’AN THAT APPLY TO OUR GENERAL LIVING:

From Surat Al-Baqarah:
1. Do not mix the truth with falsehood (2:42)
2. Order righteousness to people only after practicing it yourself (2:44)
3. Do not commit abuse on the earth (2:60)
4. Do not prevent people from mosques (2:114)
5. Do not follow anyone blindly (2:170)
6. Do not break the promise (2:177)
7. Do not engage in bribery (2:188)
8. Fight only with those who fight you (2:190)
9. Keep the etiquette of war (2:191)
10. Protect orphans (2:220)
11. Do not have sexual intercourse during menstrual period (2:222)
12. Breast feed your children for two complete years (2:233)
13. Choose rulers by their merit (2:247)
14. No compulsion in religion (2:256)
15. Do not invalidate charity with reminders (2:264)
16. Help those in need by finding them (2:273)
17. Don’t consume interest (2:275)
18. Grant more time to repay if the debtor is in hard time (2:280)
19. Write down the debt (2:282)
20. Keep the trust (2:283)
21. Do not spy and backbite (2:283)
22. Believe in all prophets (2:285)
23. Do not burden a person beyond his scope (2:286)
——
From Surat ‘Āli `Imrān:
24. Do not become divided (3:103)
25. Restrain Anger (3:134)
26. Do not be rude in speech (3:159)
27. Think deeply about the wonders and creation of this universe (3:191)
28. Men and Women have equal rewards for their deeds (3:195)
—–
From Surat An-Nisā’:
29. Wealth of the dead should be distributed among his family members (4:7)
30. Women also have the right for inheritance (4:7)
31. Do not devour the property of orphans (4:10)
32. Do not marry those in your blood relation (4:23)
33. Do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly (4:29)
34. Family should be lead by men (4:34)
35. Be good to others (4:36)
36. Do not be miserly (4:37)
37. Do not keep envy (4:54)
38. Judge with justice between people (4:58)
39. Do not kill each other (4:92)
40. Do not be an advocate for deceitful (4:105)
41. Standout firmly for justice (4:135)
—–
From Surat Al-Mā’idah:
42. Cooperate in righteousness (5:2)
43. Do not cooperate in sin and aggression (5:2)
44. Dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine are prohibited (5:3)
45. Be just (5:8)
46. Punish for crimes in an exemplary way (5:38)
47. Strive against sinful and unlawful (5:63)
48. Avoid intoxicants and alcohol (5:90)
49. Do not gamble (5:90)
—–
From Surat Al-‘An`ām:
50. Do not insult others’ deities (6:108)
51. ’Having majority’ is not a criterion of truth (6:116)
52. Don’t reduce weight or measure to cheat people (6:152)
—–
From Surat Al-‘A`rāf:
53. Do not be arrogant (7:13)
54. Eat and Drink, But Be Not Excessive (7:31)
55. Wear good cloths during prayer times (7:31)
56. Forgive others for their mistakes (7:199)
—–
From Surat Al-‘Anfāl:
57. Do not turn back in battle (8:15)
—–
From Surat At-Tawbah:
58. Protect and help those who seek protection (9:6)
59. Keep Purity (9:108)
—-
From Surat Yūsuf:
60. Never give up hope of Allah’s Mercy (12:87)
—–
From Surat An-Naĥl:
61. Allah will forgive to those who have done wrong out of ignorance (16:119)
62. Invitation to God should be with wisdom and good instruction (16:125)
—–
From Surat Al-‘Isrā’:
63. No one will bear others’ sins (17:15)
64. Be dutiful to parents (17:23)
65. Do not say a word of disrespect to parents (17:23)
66. Do not spent money extravagantly (17:29)
67. Do not kill your children for fear of poverty (17:31)
68. Do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse (17:32)
69. Do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge (17:36)
——
From Surat Ţāhā:
70. Speak to people mildly (20:44)
——
From Surat Al-Mu’minūn:
71. Keep aloof from what is vain (23:3)
—–
From Surat An-Nūr :
72. Do not enter others’ house without seeking permission (24:27)
73. Allah will provide security for those who believe only in Allah (24:55)
74. Do not enter parents’ private room without asking permission (24:58)
—–
From Surat Al-Furqān:
75. Walk on earth in humility (25:63)
—–
From Surat Al-Qaşaş:
76. Do not neglect your portion of this world (28:77)
77. Invoke not any other god along with Allah (28:88)
—–
From Surat Al-`Ankabūt:
78. Do not engage in homosexuality (29:29)
—–
From Surat Luqmān :
79. Enjoin right, forbid wrong (31:17)
80. Do not walk in insolence through the earth (31:18)
81. Lower your voice (31:19)
—–
From Surat Al-‘Aĥzāb:
82. Women should not display their finery (33:33)
—-
From Surat Az-Zumar:
83. Allah forgives all sins (39:53)
84. Do not be despair of the mercy of Allah (39:53)
—–
From Surat Fuşşilat:
85. Repel evil by good (41:34)
86. Decide on affairs by consultation (42:38)
—–
From Surat Al-Ĥujurāt:
87. Try for settlement between people (49:9)
88. Do not ridicule others (49:11)
89. Avoid suspicion (49:12)
90. Do not spy or backbite (49:12)
91. Most noble of you is the most righteous (49:13)
92. Honor guests (51:26)
93. Spent wealth in charity (57:7)
94. No Monasticism in religion (57:27)
95. Those who have knowledge will be given a higher degree by Allah (58:11)
96. Treat non-Muslims in a kind and fair manner (60:8)
97. Save yourself from covetousness (64:16)
98. Seek forgiveness of Allah. He is Forgiving and Merciful (73:20)
99. Do not repel one who asks (93:10)
100. Encourage feeding poor (107:3)

11 Basic Rights of Women in Islam

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The Holy Prophet (PBUH) once said, “Such a woman when her husband sees her; she should please him and when her husband orders her, she should obey him and she should not adopt a manner about her chastity and property which should displace her husband” . The Hadith proves the importance of a husband in the wives’ world, but Islam also tells us the importance and rights of the wives in the husbands’ lives.

Here are some of the rights taken from a reliable Islamic studies book:

1. A HUSBAND SHOULD HELP HIS WIFE IN DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

large_housework1_040508SOURCE: PINTEREST

2. A HUSBAND SHOULD SELFLESSLY DEVOTE HIMSELF TOWARDS HIS WIFE, GIVING HER UNCONDITIONAL LOVE

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SOURCE: PINTEREST

3. A WIFE HAS THE RIGHT TO TAKE KHULA (SEPARATION) FROM HER HUSBAND

divorce-decree1

4. A WOMAN CAN REMARRY AFTER HER DIVORCE, OR AT THE DEATH OF HER HUSBAND

1344338664426175SOURCE: GOOGLE

5. A HUSBAND SHOULD NOT LACK IN PRAISING THE QUALITIES OF HIS WIFE, IN FRONT OF HER, AND IN FRONT OF OTHERS

img_20160220_114030SOURCE: GOOGLE

6. EVERY HUSBAND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING HIS WIFE WITH FOOD, CLOTHING AND SHELTER

tumblr_npghumxe311siy34ro7_500SOURCE: GOOGLE

7. A WIFE CAN SPEND HER OWN EARNED MONEY WITHOUT TAKING PERMISSION FROM THE HUSBAND OR EVEN TELLING HIM

c7bd3350d934b3c0d06523c5e9f0d561SOURCE:GOOGLE

8. WOMEN DO NOT HAVE TO CHANGE THEIR NAME AFTER MARRIAGE

819b13e27905bf1a8b5aa2592e71a679SOURCE: GOOGLE

 

9. A WIFE SHOULD BE SUPPLIED WITH PROPER ARTICLES FOR HER ADORNMENT AND EMBELLISHMENT

tumblr_nh6g3w9pui1tg3nryo1_1280SOURCE: GOOGLE

10. A HUSBAND HAS NO RIGHT TO STOP HIS WIFE FROM VISITING HER PARENTS’ HOUSE OR CLOSE FAMILY, OR TO KEEP HER AT HOME FOR NO DUE REASON

tumblr_n0c5psqS0T1s4shrvo1_1280SOURCE: GOOGLE

 

11. EVEN THOUGH MEN SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME OUTSIDE THE HOUSE, THEY ARE CORDIALLY OBLIGED TO HELP RAISE THE CHILDREN WITH THE WIFE

baby-cute-family-happy-Favim.com-2671462SOURCE: GOOGLE

Thus proven, Islam gives women enough rights as a religion, it is then up to us, as men, to further their rights and help them attain the level of equality they deserve – because it is they who bear much trouble to make our lives happier and more comfortable.To our women

Complete List of HTTP Status Codes

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HTTP status codes or browser error codes or internet error codes are standard response codes given by web site servers on the Internet. It’s an message from the server to letting you know how things went when you requested to view a web page.

Whenever you send a request to the server, you always get a status code associated with the response.
The codes help identify the cause of the problem when a web page or other resource does not load properly.

Classes of HTTP Status Codes

Status codes are divided into 5 classes

  • 100’s: Informational codes indicating that everything so far is OK and the client may continue to the request.
  • 200’s: This class represent the success of the request.
  • 300’s: This class represent the redirection of the resources.
  • 400’s: Client error codes indicating that there was a problem with the request.
  • 500’s: Server error codes indicating that the request was accepted, but that an error on the server and not able to serve the request for some reason.

List of HTTP Status Codes

Information responses

100 Continue

The initial part of a request has been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The server intends to send a final response after the request has been fully received and acted upon.

101 Switching Protocol

The server understands and is willing to comply with the client’s request, via the Upgrade header field1, for a change in the application protocol being used on this connection.

Successful responses

200 OK

The payload sent in a 200 response depends on the request method. For the methods defined by this specification, the intended meaning of the payload can be summarized as:

  • GET: The resource has been fetched and is transmitted in the message body.
  • HEAD: The entity headers are in the message body.
  • POST: The resource describing the result of the action is transmitted in the message body.
  • TRACE: The message body contains the request message as received by the server

201 Created

The request has been fulfilled and has resulted in one or more new resources being created. The 201 response payload typically describes and links to the resource(s) created.

202 Accepted

The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes place.

203 Non-Authoritative Information

The request was successful but the enclosed payload has been modified from that of the origin server’s 200 OK response by a transforming proxy.
This status code allows the proxy to notify recipients when a transformation has been applied since that knowledge might impact later decisions regarding the content.

204 No Content

The server has successfully fulfilled the request and that there is no additional content to send in the response payload body.
For example, if a 204 status code is received in response to a PUT request and the response contains an ETag header field, then the PUT was successful and the ETag field-value contains the entity-tag for the new representation of that target resource.

205 Reset Content

The server has fulfilled the request and desires that the user agent reset the “document view”, which caused the request to be sent, to its original state as received from the origin server.

206 Partial Content

This response code is used because of range header sent by the client to separate download into multiple streams

Redirection messages

300 Multiple Choice

The target resource has more than one representation, each with its own more specific identifier, and information about the alternatives is being provided so that the user (or user agent) can select a preferred representation by redirecting its request to one or more of those identifiers.

301 Moved Permanently

The target resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource ought to use one of the enclosed URIs.
A 301 response is cacheable by default i.e. unless otherwise indicated by the method definition or explicit cache controls

302 Found

This response code means that URI of the requested resource has been changed temporarily. New changes in the URI might be made in the future. Therefore, this same URI should be used by the client in future requests.

303 See Other

Server sent this response to directing the client to get requested resource to another URI with a GET request.

304 Not Modified

A conditional GET or HEAD request has been received and would have resulted in a 200 OK response if it were not for the fact that the condition evaluated to false.

305 Use Proxy

This means requested response is now deprecated and must be accessed by a proxy. This response code is not largely supported because of security reasons.

306 unused

This response code is no longer used, it is just reserved currently. It was used in a previous version of the HTTP 1.1 specification.

307 Temporary Redirect

The target resource resides temporarily under a different URI and the user agent MUST NOT change the request method if it performs an automatic redirection to that URI.

This has the same semantic than the 302 Found HTTP response code, with the exception that the user agent must not change the HTTP method used: if a POST was used in the first request, a POST must be used in the second request.

308 Permanent Redirect

This means that the resource is now permanently located at another URI, specified by the Location: HTTP Response header.

This has the same semantics as the 301 Moved Permanently HTTP response code, with the exception that the user agent must not change the HTTP method used: if a POST was used in the first request, a POST must be used in the second request.

Client error responses

400 Bad Request

The server cannot or will not process the request due to something that is perceived to be a client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).

401 Unauthorized

Authentication is needed to get requested response. This is similar to 403, but in this case, authentication is possible.

402 Payment Required

This response code is reserved for future use. Initial aim for creating this code was using it for digital payment systems however this is not used currently.

403 Forbidden

The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it. It means the client does not have access rights to the content so the server is rejecting to give a proper response.

404 Not Found

The server can not find requested resource. This response code probably is most famous one due to its frequency to occur in the web.

405 Method Not Allowed

The method received in the request-line is known by the origin server but not supported by the target resource.

406 Not Acceptable

This response is sent when the web server, after performing server-driven content negotiation, doesn’t find any content following the criteria given by the user agent.

407 Proxy Authentication Required

Similar to 401 Unauthorized, but it indicates that the client needs to authenticate itself in order to use a proxy.

408 Request Timeout

The server did not receive a complete request message within the time that it was prepared to wait.

409 Conflict

The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the target resource. This code is used in situations where the user might be able to resolve the conflict and resubmit the request.

410 Gone

This response would be sent when requested content has been removed from the server and that this condition is likely to be permanent. If the origin server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 Not Found ought to be used instead.

411 Length Required

Server rejected the request because the Content-Length header field is not defined and the server requires it.

412 Precondition Failed

This response code allows the client to place preconditions on the current resource state (its current representations and metadata) and, thus, prevent the request method from being applied if the target resource is in an unexpected state.

413 Payload Too Large

The server is refusing to process a request because the request payload is larger than the server is willing or able to process.

414 URI Too Long

If the server refusing the request because the URI requested by the client is longer than the server is willing to interpret.

415 Unsupported Media Type

The media format of the requested data is not supported by the server, so the server is rejecting the request.

416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable

The range specified by the Range header field in the request can’t be fulfilled; it’s possible that the range is outside the size of the target URI’s data.

417 Expectation Failed

This response code means the expectation indicated by the Expect request header field can’t be met by the server.

421 Misdirected Request

The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response. This can be sent by a server that is not configured to produce responses for the combination of scheme and authority that are included in the request URI.

426 Upgrade Required

The server refuses to perform the request using the current protocol but might be willing to do so after the client upgrades to a different protocol.

428 Precondition Required

The origin server requires the request to be conditional.

429 Too Many Requests

This code is generated when the client sent too many request in a given amount of time.

431 Request Header Fields Too Large

The server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. The request MAY be resubmitted after reducing the size of the request header fields.

451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons

The user requests an illegal resource, such as a web page censored by a government.

Server error responses

500 Internal Server Error

The server encountered an unexpected condition when it doesn’t know how to handle and prevented it from fulfilling the request.

501 Not Implemented

The server does not support the functionality required to fulfil the request.

502 Bad Gateway

This error response means that the server, while working as a gateway to get a response needed to handle the request, got an invalid response.

503 Service Unavailable

The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overload or scheduled maintenance, which will likely be alleviated after some delay.

504 Gateway Timeout

The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from an upstream server it needed to access in order to complete the request.

505 HTTP Version Not Supported

The server does not support or refuses to support, the major version of HTTP that was used in the request message.

506 Variant Also Negotiates

The server has an internal configuration error: the chosen variant resource is configured to engage in transparent content negotiation itself and is therefore not a proper end point in the negotiation process.

507 Insufficient Storage

The method could not be performed on the resource because the server is unable to store the representation needed to successfully complete the request. This condition is considered to be temporary.

511 Network Authentication Required

The 511 status code indicates that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access.

 

Removal of blockage from Artery

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Cholesterol removal project

This looks impressive, if a bit scary. 😳via Dahir İnsaat, youtube.com/dahirsem

Posted by Smart is the New Sexy on Friday, November 4, 2016